DETECTION OF FRAUDULENT ATM TRANSACTIONS USING RULE-BASED CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUES

Abstract

The significant rise in ATM fraud—reflected in 130,472 suspicious transactions reported in Indonesia in 2022—highlights the urgent need for accurate and efficient real-time fraud detection systems. This study evaluates two complementary detection approaches using a dataset of 20,000 anonymized ATM transactions collected from XYZ Bank between January and December 2022, each labeled by internal fraud analysts as fraud or non-fraud. The models compared are a Rule-Based Classifier and a Decision Tree classifier. The Decision Tree demonstrates strong overall performance, achieving 98% accuracy, 75% precision, 79% recall, and a 77% F1-score, indicating a reliable ability to detect diverse fraud patterns. In contrast, the Rule-Based Classifier yields 60% accuracy, 97% precision, 60% recall, and a 74% F1-score, showing high precision with fewer false alarms but a limited ability to detect varied fraud cases. These results emphasize the trade-off between specificity and sensitivity in static versus adaptive models. To address this, a hybrid detection framework is proposed—combining rule-based screening to filter obvious non-fraud cases, followed by Decision Tree analysis to handle more complex patterns. This approach aims to reduce unnecessary transaction holds and improve detection reliability. This study contributes to the limited comparative research on fraud detection methods using real ATM transaction data within the Indonesian banking context. Future research will focus on adaptive learning models to maintain performance against evolving fraud behaviors in dynamic financial systems.