FORECASTING STOCK MARKET MODEL: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33480/jitk.v12i1.7991Keywords:
Deep Learning, Forecasting, Stock Market, Systematic Literature Review, TransformerAbstract
The increasing digitisation of stock markets and the growing diversity of financial data sources have intensified the need for accurate, robust, and risk-aware stock market forecasting. This systematic literature review synthesises recent evidence to examine the effectiveness of forecasting methods under different data and market conditions, the characteristics of commonly used benchmark datasets, the contribution of preprocessing strategies, and the evaluation and validation practices applied in stock market forecasting. Following the PRISMA framework, 71 peer-reviewed studies retrieved from the Scopus database were systematically screened, classified, and analysed. The evidence mapping shows that sequence-based deep learning models, including LSTM, GRU, and CNN–LSTM, represent the largest methodological group at approximately 41%, followed by transformer- and attention-based approaches at around 16%. Volatility-oriented econometric and classical statistical models account for approximately 18% and 14%, respectively, while probabilistic and quantile-based approaches remain limited. The findings indicate that forecasting performance is strongly context-dependent: classical models remain effective for relatively stationary univariate series, volatility-oriented models are particularly relevant when clustering and spillover effects are present, and deep learning and transformer-based approaches are more suitable for multivariate, nonlinear, and feature-rich settings. Overall, the review highlights the need for greater integration of uncertainty-aware evaluation, regime-sensitive validation, and risk-oriented forecasting frameworks.
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